Daniel Povinelli et al. (1997).
Jeremy Kagan (2000), Frans de Waal (2009a).
Kinji Imanishi (1952), Junichiro Itani and Akisato Nishimura (1973).
Bennett Galef (1990).
Frans de Waal (2001).
Satoshi Hirata et al. (2001).
David Premack and Ann Premack (1994).
Josep Call (2004), Juliane Bräuer et al. (2006).
Josep Call (2006).
Daniel Lehrman (1953).
Richard Burkhardt (2005), p. 390.
Ibid., p. 370; Hans Kruuk (2003).
Frank Beach (1950).
Donald Dewsbury (2000).
John Garcia et al. (1955).
Shettleworth (2010).
Hans Kummer et al. (1990).
Frans de Waal (2003b).
Hans Kruuk (2003), p. 157.
Niko Tinbergen and Walter Kruyt (1938).
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
Wolfgang Kцhler (1925). The German original, Intelligenzprüfungen an Anthropoiden, appeared in 1917.
Robert Yerkes (1925), p. 120.
Robert Epstein (1987).
Emil Menzel (1972). Menzel was interviewed by the author in 2001.
Jane Goodall (1986), p. 357.
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
Jennifer Pokorny and Frans de Waal (2009).
John Marzluff and Tony Angell (2005), p. 24.
John Marzluff et al. (2010); Garry Hamilton (2012).
Michael Sheehan and Elizabeth Tibbetts (2011).
Johan Bolhuis and Clive Wynne (2009), see also Frans de Waal (2009a).
Marco Vasconcelos et al. (2012).
Jonathan Buckley et al. (2010).
Barry Allen (1997).
M. M. Günther and Christophe Boesch (1993).
Gen Yamakoshi (1998).
«Tool use is the external employment of an unattached environmental object to alter more efficiently the form, position, or condition of another object, another organism, or the user itself when the user holds or carries the tool during or just prior to use and is responsible for the proper and effective orientation of the tool.» Benjamin Beck (1980), p. 10.
Robert Amant and Thomas Horton (2008).
Jane Goodall (1967), p. 32.
Crickette Sanz et al. (2010).
Christophe Boesch et al. (2009), Ebang Wilfried and Juichi Yamagiwa (2014).
William McGrew (2010).
Jill Pruetz and Paco Bertolani (2007).
Tetsuro Matsuzawa (1994), Noriko Inoue-Nakamura and Tetsuro Matsuzawa (1997).
Jürgen Lethmate (1982).
Carel van Schaik et al. (1999).
Thibaud Gruber et al. (2010), Esther Herrmann et al. (2008).
Thomas Breuer et al. (2005), Jean-Felix Kinani and Dawn Zimmerman (2015).
Eduardo Ottoni and Massimo Mannu (2001).
Dorothy Fragaszy et al. (2004).
Julio Mercader et al. (2007).
Elisabetta Visalberghi and Luca Limongelli (1994).
Luca Limongelli et al. (1995), Gema Martin-Ordas et al. (2008).
William Mason (1976), pp. 292–93.
Michael Gumert et al. (2009).
«Honey Badgers: Masters of Mayhem,» Nature, broadcast Feb. 19, 2014, Public Broadcasting Service.
Alex Weir et al. (2002).
Gavin Hunt (1996), Hunt and Russell Gray (2004).
Christopher Bird and Nathan Emery (2009), Alex Taylor and Russell Gray (2009), Sarah Jelbert et al. (2014).
Alex Taylor et al. (2014).
Natacha Mendes et al. (2007), Daniel Hanus et al. (2011).
Daniel Hanus et al. (2011).
Gavin Hunt et al. (2007), p. 291.
William McGrew (2013).
Alex Taylor et al. (2007).
Nathan Emery and Nicola Clayton (2004).
Vladimir Dinets et al. (2013).
Julian Finn et al. (2009).
Bishop of Polignac, cited in Corbey (2005), p. 54.
Nadezhda Ladygina-Kohts (2002 [orig. 1935]).
Herbert Terrace et al. (1979).
Irene Pepperberg (2008).
Michele Alexander and Terri Fisher (2003).
Norman Malcolm (1973), p. 17.
Jerry Fodor (1975), p. 56.
Irene Pepperberg (1999).
Bruce Moore (1992).
Alice Auersperg et al. (2012).
Ewen Callaway (2012).
Sarah Boysen and Gary Berntson (1989).
Irene Pepperberg (2012).
Irene Pepperberg (1999), p. 327.
Sapolsky (2010).
Evolution of Language International Conferences, www.evolang.org.
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982], de Waal (1996), de Waal (2009a).
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1990).
Kate Arnold and Klaus Zuberbьhler (2008).
Toshitaka Suzuki (2014).
Brandon Wheeler and Julia Fischer (2012).
Tabitha Price (2013), Nicholas Ducheminsky et al. (2014).
Amy Pollick and Frans de Waal (2007), Katja Liebal et al. (2013), Catherine Hobaiter and Richard Byrne (2014).
Frans de Waal (2003a).
In 1980 Thomas Sebeok and the New York Academy of Sciences organized a conference entitled «The Clever Hans Phenomenon: Communication with Horses, Whales, Apes, and People.»
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Roger Lewin (1994), p. 50, Jean Aitchison (2000).
Muhammad Spocter et al. (2010).
Sandra Wohlgemuth et al. (2014).
Andreas Pfenning et al. (2014).
Frans de Waal (1997), p. 38.
Robert Yerkes (1925), p. 79.
Oliver Sacks (1985).
Robert Yerkes (1943).
Vilmos Csónyi (2000), Alexandra Horowitz (2009), Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods (2013).
Tiffani Howell et al. (2013).
Sally Satel and Scott Lilienfeld (2013).
Craig Ferris et al. (2001), John Marzluff et al. (2012).
Gregory Berns (2013).
Gregory Berns et al. (2013).
Sana Inoue and Tetsuro Matsuzawa (2007), Alan Silberberg and David Kearns (2009), Tetsuro Matsuzawa (2009).
Jo Thompson (2002).
David Premack (2010), p. 30.
Marc Hauser interviewed by Jerry Adler (2008).
The Public Broadcasting Service entitled a 2010 series The Human Spark.